en. Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) was a German philosopher known for his work 'The World as Will and Representation' (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung). Schopenhauer is a central figure in the philosophy of pessimism and transcendental idealism. According to him, the essence of reality is an irrational and blind force, which he called 'will', and which drives everything. Life, according to Schopenhauer, is marked by desire and its counterpart: inevitable suffering and dissatisfaction. He believed that aesthetic contemplation allowed people to reach a form of liberation from the demands and tensions of everyday life. His thinking influenced many later philosophers and writers, including Friedrich Nietzsche, Richard Wagner, and Sigmund Freud.
